The Impact of the Paradigm Shift on the Schools’ Architecture Considering Adaptive Studies of Schools of Tabriz and Urmia in the Era of Qajar and Pahlavi I
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Abstract
Schools are the most familiar learning spaces in the mind, which have undergone fundamental changes over time in various sectors, including architecture. The aim is to compare the architecture of Qajar and Pahlavi period schools and the effect of paradigm shift and transformation in Tabriz and Urmia schools. In this research, the evolution and continuity in the architecture of schools in the Qajar period was analyzed with regard to the spatial indicators and the body of learning the open space of Iranian schools. The research is important from two practical and descriptive-analytical aspects, it is practical for exploiting all kinds of schools of the Qajar and Pahlavi periods and fundamental for how to face them in the space of transition from architecture in the city. The method of doing the work is mixed and qualitative-quantitative. First, library information is collected and then the interview technique is used. The components extracted in the questionnaire were compiled with a Likert scale and distributed among the experts. In the qualitative part of the interview method, he collects data, and in the Atlasti software, he extracts the components and changes of schools based on open and axial coding and the results of the questionnaire with the SPSS software, analysis of variance, regression (ANOVA) for data analysis with statistics. During the Qajar period, the arrival of modernity in Iran caused a transformation and a paradigm shift in school architecture. With the establishment of Dar al-Funun by Amir Kabir, a huge change in the model of schools took place, which led to the separation of schools from mosques. As a result, the educational spaces from the school mosque with the pattern of the central courtyard later changed to the schools with the elongated plan pattern, and the educational evolution in the Qajar period followed the concept of physical-shape continuity of the traditional Iranian architecture and items such as the central courtyard, module and frame. The arrangement of views and symmetry, introversion and appropriate geometry, etc. can be seen.
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