International Journal of Applied Arts Studies (IJAPAS)

The Role of Age in Understanding the Components of Tradition and Modernism in University Buildings in Tehran

Mohammad Reza Sharafiyan — 2024-09-08

Tradition and modernism as a concept also follow the same thing, but there may be differences in the effect of each indicator due to the difference of groups in the type of view of the past and the future. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the components of the modernism tradition in the age groups (20-30), (30-40), (40-50) and (50-60). For this purpose, first, the components in the tradition of modernism are extracted from the review literature. Then to verify them, Kendall's w coefficient is used. In the next step, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale is distributed among space users. The research method in this research is a qualitative and quantitative combination. The results show that among the age groups of 20-30 and 30-40, the correlation drops to an incredible extent, which can almost be said that they do not fully explain each other's behavior. In the age groups of 20-30 and 50-60, the correlation value is low. In the age group of 30-40 and 40-50, the correlation value is low. In the age group of 30-40 and 50-60, the value of correlations has increased slightly. But the correlation between the indices of tradition and modernism obtained in the age groups of 40-50 and 60-50 is high. According to the fit obtained from the step-by-step regression model of age groups, due to the increase in data, only age groups (50-60 and 50-40) and (20-30 and 40-30) can predict each other.

The Effect of the Shape of Curved Ceilings on Sound Quality, Sunlight, and Heat Absorption in Lecture Halls

Fereshteh Kamrani — 2024-09-08

Architects' most essential design concern from the past to the present is the geometry of the ceiling form. By analyzing the geometry of various curved ceiling forms, one can find a suitable form in terms of heat absorption, sunlight, and sound quality. The geometry of the form is directly affected by the amount of volume, surface area (ratio of span ratio to height), and the equation of fit of its curve. This study examines the types of curved ceilings based on form geometry in terms of sound quality and sunlight. The main question is what effect does the geometry of the curved ceiling types have on sound quality, amount of sunlight, and heat absorption? The present study investigates Reverberation time, speech transfer index, speech clarity, amount of sunlight, and shading of the speech space in different arcs based on the equations of curve fitting and body shape. Each selected sample is drawn algorithmically in Grasshopper and using Odeon for acoustic simulation and Grasshopper to simulate the absorption of radiant energy of sunlight and the amount of shading and using the Energy Plus, Ladybug plugin. Descriptive analysis of forms with scatter matrix diagram and correlation coefficient analysis between architectural, acoustic, and sunlight variables were performed by Pearson method with SPSS22. The analysis shows that by increasing the amount of area, volume and slope of the curve, it reduces the quality of reverberation time and the speech transmission index, and increases the amount of shade performance, sunlight and shade absorption.

The Impact of the Paradigm Shift on the Schools’ Architecture Considering Adaptive Studies of Schools of Tabriz and Urmia in the Era of Qajar and Pahlavi I

Zahra Farzaneh — 2024-09-08

Schools are the most familiar learning spaces in the mind, which have undergone fundamental changes over time in various sectors, including architecture. The aim is to compare the architecture of Qajar and Pahlavi period schools and the effect of paradigm shift and transformation in Tabriz and Urmia schools. In this research, the evolution and continuity in the architecture of schools in the Qajar period was analyzed with regard to the spatial indicators and the body of learning the open space of Iranian schools. The research is important from two practical and descriptive-analytical aspects, it is practical for exploiting all kinds of schools of the Qajar and Pahlavi periods and fundamental for how to face them in the space of transition from architecture in the city. The method of doing the work is mixed and qualitative-quantitative. First, library information is collected and then the interview technique is used. The components extracted in the questionnaire were compiled with a Likert scale and distributed among the experts. In the qualitative part of the interview method, he collects data, and in the Atlasti software, he extracts the components and changes of schools based on open and axial coding and the results of the questionnaire with the SPSS software, analysis of variance, regression (ANOVA) for data analysis with statistics. During the Qajar period, the arrival of modernity in Iran caused a transformation and a paradigm shift in school architecture. With the establishment of Dar al-Funun by Amir Kabir, a huge change in the model of schools took place, which led to the separation of schools from mosques. As a result, the educational spaces from the school mosque with the pattern of the central courtyard later changed to the schools with the elongated plan pattern, and the educational evolution in the Qajar period followed the concept of physical-shape continuity of the traditional Iranian architecture and items such as the central courtyard, module and frame. The arrangement of views and symmetry, introversion and appropriate geometry, etc. can be seen.

A Thematic Reflection on Gülru Necipoğlu's Theories in the Topkapi Scroll- Geometry and Ornaments in Islamic Architecture

Seyed Ehsan Mirhashemi Routeh — 2024-09-08

The study conducted by Necipoğlu in the book "Geometry and Ornaments in Islamic Architecture" is widely recognized as an influential work. However, some of her assumptions require re-analysis after approximately three decades. This research aims to re-evaluate her three hypotheses from the book, namely the denial of the connection between Sufism and architecture, the position of architecture in the classification of sciences, and the close relationship between mathematicians and artisans. For this purpose, this research, which is methodically organized based on content analysis and interpretive-historical approaches, obtained its data from historical sources and tried to reanalyze the mentioned assumptions by relying on the actor-network theory. The study concludes that although there is a lack of documentation, the connection between architecture and Sufism cannot be disregarded, and one should believe in some form of relationship between them.; Architecture has been an independent knowledge in the classification of sciences since the 8th A.H., and the relationship between mathematicians and craftsmen should be viewed as mutual, and both have played a significant role in promoting the knowledge of practical geometry in architecture.

Modeling the Effects of Enclosure Components in Ekbatan and Ati Saz Residential Complexes

Peyman Akhondi — 2024-09-08

Examining the physical-perceptual structure of architecture creates a context for users to understand the goals and meaning of architecture by being in the space, on the other hand, it creates the precise proportions of the spatial body, in which meanings can be understood. Movement in space, both internal and external, which is created by the presence of the body, deepens the users' understanding of architecture. Functional body structure also refers to the activities that take place inside the space and means a proportional body that creates a suitable space for certain activities. This research is of a nested combination of qualitative and quantitative to extract components and dimensions after a semi-structured interview and then from PN modeling for the degree of factor effect and comparing the component effect system as well as the matrix. Correlation sampling is used for the snowball system interview, and in the quantitative stage, the upper limit of the Morgan table is used. The facilitating software’s are ATLASTI8 and JMPSAS17. The results show that access coherence, user coherence and environmental coherence have the highest dimension and a larger factor contribution that has significant relationships, but coherence in creating security despite the influence coefficient of Bal has a significant relationship. does not have Coherence in municipal laws has a larger factor share than the first three cases, but it has a less significant amount. In general, based on the scope of the effect of the components of confinement and also its focus, it shows the continuity of the relationship between the components. Based on the relational correlation, it is determined that each dimension has a relationship with the other two dimensions and can be predicted, and the third dimension, which will be added to the blue color, has far less predictability than them. It is important to pay attention to the dimension of cohesion in both sets, which has no predictability based on other dimensions and has acted separately and should be considered in the first stage for planning and design. In general, the dimensions of confinement in the collection of Ati Saz and Ekbatan have a correlation of 0.772 in the way of application.

Challenges of Online Education in Architecture Design from the Perspective of Professors and Students

Mehdi Tavakoli Kazeruni — 2024-09-08

Architecture education is very important in the education of future architects and is defined by the combination of practical and theoretical coursework. Due to the pandemic conditions, online education is one of the available options for education. which faces many challenges. However, due to the prevalence of virtual education in the world, due to the corona disease in the world and the need for communication between the scientific fields and practical education, it is faced with the adverse effects in the form of numerous challenges and shortcomings. The purpose of this research is to extract concepts and dimensions. And the components of the challenges of online education of architectural design.

Methods: This research is practical in terms of purpose. The research method used is a qualitative method, which was done with content analysis and coding of data collected by 12MAXQDA software. Then, from among the challenges based on the sub-components of online education challenges, the coding process is divided into two sections: general challenges; online education and specific challenges; Architectural design is taught online.

Findings: Based on the review of 732 free codes in 26 code-oriented categories, 7 main concepts were reached, which include the challenges of the educational environment and educational facilities; the challenge of students' psychology; the impossibility of correction and solving students' problems; weakness in the way professors evaluate students' learning. For architectural design, the lack of understanding of the design concept and the students' ability to analyze and be creative to implement the design, the weak educational program and the content of intensive courses, and the weakness of the electronic infrastructure.

Conclusion: According to the findings for these 26 code-based online architectural design training courses, which are based on various and different challenges, and improving its quality will increase the quality of virtual courses and requires a serious look for the training of future architect engineers.